Billboard with light assembly for substantially uniform illumination

ABSTRACT

A billboard includes a support structure and a display surface mounted on the support structure. A first lighting assembly is mounted on the support structure and includes LEDs directed toward the display surface so that the first lighting assembly can illuminate a first portion of the display surface. A second lighting assembly is also mounted on the support structure and also includes LEDs directed toward the display surface so that the second lighting assembly can illuminate a second portion of the display surface. The first portion and the second portion constitute the entire display surface. The entire display surface can be uniformly illuminated using only the first lighting assembly and the second lighting assembly such that the light intensity across the display surface is provided with a uniformity that achieves a 3:1 ratio of average illumination to minimum illumination.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/836,517, filed Mar. 15, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,974,077, issuedMar. 10, 2015), which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/677,346, filed on Jul. 30, 2012, which applications are herebyincorporated herein by reference.

This application is related to U.S. patent application No. 61/677,340,filed Jul. 20, 2012, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/836,612, filedMar. 15, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,870,410) and U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/137,343, filed Dec. 20, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,870,413).This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/630,500, filed Feb. 24, 2015.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following disclosure relates to lighting systems and, moreparticularly, to lighting systems using light emitting diodes toexternally illuminate signs.

SUMMARY

The present invention, in one aspect thereof, comprises a back panel foruse in a light emitting diode (LED) lighting assembly. An extrudedsubstrate formed of a thermally conductive material is provided, thesubstrate having a plurality of fins extending from a first side of thesubstrate, each of the fins having a substantially rectangular shapeoriented so that a longitudinal axis of the fin is substantiallyparallel to a longitudinal axis of the substrate. At least some of thefins include a hole formed through the fin to enable heated air to risethrough the fins. A plurality of LEDs are mounted on a second side ofthe substrate, and oriented in a longitudinal orientation with the finsoriented parallel to the bottom edge of a surface to be illuminated,such that heat rises perpendicular to the surface of the fin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding, reference is now made to thefollowing description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingDrawings in which:

FIG. 1A illustrates one embodiment of a billboard that may be externallylighted by one or more lighting assemblies;

FIGS. 1B-1D illustrate embodiments of angular positions of the lightingassembly of FIG. 1 relative to the billboard;

FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a lighting assembly that may beused to light the billboard of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate one embodiment of a back panel that may beused in the lighting assembly of FIG. 2;

FIG. 3C illustrates one embodiment of the back panel of FIGS. 3A and 3Bwith a light panel and an optics panel that may also be used in thelighting assembly of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate one embodiment of a light panel that may beused with the lighting assembly of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D illustrate one embodiment of an optics panelthat may be used with the lighting assembly of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate a more detailed embodiment of the lightingassembly of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate an embodiment of a back panel that may beused with the lighting assembly of FIGS. 6A-6C;

FIG. 8A illustrates an embodiment of an LED assembly and an optics panelthat may be used with the lighting assembly of FIG. 6;

FIGS. 8B-8J illustrates embodiments of the optics panel of FIG. 8A andoptical elements that may be used to form part of the optics panel; and

FIG. 9 illustrates a more detailed embodiment of the lighting assemblyof FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Billboards, such as those commonly used for advertising in cities andalong roads, often have a picture and/or text that must be externallyilluminated to be visible in low-light conditions. As technology hasadvanced and introduced new lighting devices such as the light emittingdiode (LED), such advances have been applied to billboards. However,current lighting designs have limitations and improvements are needed.Although billboards are used herein for purposes of example, it isunderstood that the present disclosure may be applied to lighting forany type of sign that is externally illuminated.

Referring to FIG. 1A, one embodiment of a billboard 100 is illustrated.The billboard 100 includes a surface 102 onto which a picture and/ortext may be painted, mounted, or otherwise affixed. The surface 102 maybe any size, such as a commonly used size having a width of forty-eightfeet wide and a height of fourteen feet. The surface 102 may be providedby placing a backing material on a frame 104 made of steel and/or othermaterials. The frame 104 may be mounted on one or more support poles106, which may be considered part of the frame 104 or separate from theframe 104. The billboard 100 may include a walkway or other supportstructure 108 that enables the surface 102 to be more easily accessed.

One or more lighting assemblies 110 may be coupled to the walkway 108(e.g., to a safety rail or to the walkway itself) and/or to anotherstructural member of the billboard 100 to illuminate some or all of thesurface 102 in low light conditions. The lighting assembly 110 may bemounted at or near a top edge 112 of the billboard 100, a bottom edge114 of the billboard 100, a right edge 116 of the billboard 100, and/ora bottom edge 118 of the billboard 100. The lighting assembly 110 may becentered (e.g., located in approximately the center of the billboard100) or off center as illustrated in FIG. 1A.

With additional reference to FIGS. 1B-1D, a surface 120 of the lightingassembly 110 may be parallel with respect to the surface 102 of thebillboard 100 (FIG. 1B), may be perpendicular with respect to thesurface 102 (FIG. 1C), or may be angled with respect to the surface 102(FIG. 1D). It is understood that the lighting assembly 110 may be placedin many different orientations and locations relative to the billboard100 and to one another, and the illustrated positions are only forpurposes of example. Furthermore, it is understood that references to“top,” “bottom,” “left,” and “right” are used in the present disclosurefor purposes of description and do not necessarily denote a fixedposition. For example, the billboard 100 may be turned on end, and thereferenced “top,” “bottom,” “left,” and “right” edges may still bereadily identifiable although the “top” edge would be the “left” edge orthe “right” edge.

One problem with current lighting technology is that it can be difficultto direct light only onto the surface 102 and even more difficult to doso evenly. This may be due partly to the placement of the lightingassembly 110, as shown in FIGS. 1B-1D. As the lighting assembly 110 isoff center relative to the surface 102, light emitted from the lightingassembly 110 may not evenly strike the surface 102. One problem withuneven illumination is that certain parts of the surface 102 may be morebrightly illuminated than other parts. This creates “hot spots” that maybe undesirable. Attempting to evenly illuminate the surface 102 maycause light to be directed past the edges 112, 114, 116, and 118 asattempts are made to balance out hot spots in particular areas. However,light that does not strike the surface 102 is wasted and may createproblems (e.g., light pollution), as well as waste illumination thatcould be used for the surface 102.

In addition to the difficulties of evenly illuminating the surface 102,the use of LEDs in an exterior lighting environment involves issues suchas heat dissipation and protecting the LEDs against environmentalconditions such as moisture. The presence of moving mechanical featuressuch as fans that may be used to provide increased airflow for coolingmay create additional reliability problems. Due to the difficulty andexpense of replacing and/or repairing the lighting assembly 110 incombination with the desire to provide consistent lighting whileminimizing downtime, such issues should be addressed in a manner thatenhances reliability and uptime.

Referring to FIG. 2, one embodiment of a lighting assembly 200 isillustrated. The lighting assembly 200 provides a more detailedembodiment of the lighting assembly 110 of FIG. 1. The lighting assembly200 includes a back panel 202, a light panel 204 (e.g., a printedcircuit board (PCB)) having a plurality of LEDs (not shown) mountedthereon, and an optics panel 206. As will be described below in moredetailed examples, light from the LEDs of the light panel 204 may bedirected by the optics panel 206 to illuminate the surface 102 of thebillboard 100 of FIG. 1. The back panel 202 may be configured to serveas a supporting substrate for the light panel 204 and optics panel 206,as well as to dissipate heat produced by the LEDs.

It is understood that any of the back panel 202, light panel 204, andoptics panel 206 may actually be two or more physical substrates ratherthan a single panel as illustrated in FIG. 2. Furthermore, it isunderstood that there may be additional panels positioned behind theback panel 202, in front of the optics panel 206, and/or between theback panel 202 and light panel 204 and/or between the light panel 204and optics panel 206.

Referring to FIGS. 3A-3C, one embodiment of the back panel 202 isillustrated with a front surface 302 and a back surface 304. The backpanel 202 includes a top edge 306, a bottom edge 308, a right edge 310,and a left edge 312. The panel 202 may be formed of one or morethermally conductive materials (e.g., aluminum) and/or other materials.

The front surface 302 provides a mounting surface for the light panel204. In some embodiments, the front surface 302 of the panel 202 mayinclude one or more protrusions 314 a and 314 b that are substantiallyparallel to the top edge 306. The protrusions 314 a and 314 b may beconfigured to protect the light panel 204 from moisture. Although onlytwo protrusions 314 a and 314 b are illustrated, it is understood that asingle protrusion may be provided or three or more protrusions may beprovided. Furthermore, such protrusions may vary in length, shape (e.g.,may have angled or curved surfaces), orientation, and/or location on thefront surface 302.

Referring specifically to FIG. 3C, a light panel 204 and an opticalpanel 206 may be mounted under the protrusion 314 a (FIG. 3C). Moisturerunning down the front surface 302 in the direction of arrow 316 maystrike the protrusion 314 a and be directed away from the light panel204 and optical panel 206 as shown by arrow 318. Although not shown,moisture may also be directed length down the protrusion 314 a.Accordingly, protrusion 314 a may serve as a gutter and aid in directingmoisture away from a joint 320 where the optical panel 206 abuts thefront surface 302. This may be beneficial even when a moisture resistantcompound is used to seal the joint 320. In embodiments where there aremultiple light panels 204 arranged vertically on the front surface 302,there may be a protrusion positioned above each light panel 204. Forexample, the protrusion 314 a may be positioned directly above one lightpanel 204 and the protrusion 314 b may be positioned directly aboveanother light panel 204.

Referring specifically to FIG. 3B, the back surface 304 may beconfigured to increase heat dissipation. For example, the back surface304 may be configured with a heat sink provided by fins 322 a-322N,where N denotes a total number of fins. The fins 322 a-322N increase thesurface area of the back surface 304, thereby providing for additionalheat dissipation to the surrounding air. The fins 322 a-322N may beformed as part of the panel 202 or may be otherwise coupled to the panel202 (e.g., may be part of a discrete heat sink that is coupled to theback surface 304). Some or all of the fins 322 a-322N may be angled, asshown by fins 322 a and 322 b. In some embodiments, holes (not shown)may be provided in some or all of the fins 322 a-322N to aid in aircirculation. In such embodiments, the holes may cause a chimney effectin which heated air rises through the holes and is replaced by coolerair. This may be particularly effective in environments where naturalair movement is limited.

Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, one embodiment of a single PCB 402 of thelight panel 204 is illustrated. In the present example, the light panel204 may include multiple PCBs 402, although it is understood that anynumber of PCBs may be used based on design issues such as the amount ofillumination needed, the amount of illumination provided by a single PCB402, the size of the surface 102 of the billboard 100, and/or otherfactors. As shown in the present embodiment with a substantiallyrectangular cross-section, the PCB 402 includes a front surface 404, aback surface 406, a top edge 408, a bottom edge 410, a right edge 412,and a left edge 414.

The PCB 402 may include one or more strings of LEDs 416, with multipleLEDs 416 in a string. For example, a string may include eight LEDs 416and each PCB 402 may include two strings for a total of sixteen LEDs416. In this configuration, a light panel 204 having eight PCBs 402would include ninety-six LEDs 416. It is understood that although thePCBs 402 are shown as being substantially identical, they may bedifferent in terms of size, shape, and other factors for a single lightpanel 204.

In the present example, the LEDs 416 are surface mounted, but it isunderstood that the LEDs 416 may be coupled to the panel 204 usingthrough hole or another coupling process. The surface mountedconfiguration may ensure that a maximum surface area of each LED 416 isin contact with the PCB 402, which is in turn in contact with the backpanel 202 responsible for heat dissipation. Each string of LEDs mayreceive a constant current with the current divided evenly among theLEDs 416.

Referring to FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D, one embodiment of a single lenspanel 500 of the optics panel 206 is illustrated. In the presentexample, the optics panel 206 may include multiple lens panels 500,although it is understood that any number of lens panels may be usedbased on design issues such as the number, arrangement, and orientationof the LEDs 416, the size of the surface 102, and/or other factors. Asshown in the present embodiment with a substantially rectangularcross-section that is configured for use with the PCB 402 of FIG. 4, asingle lens panel 500 includes a front surface 502, a back surface 504,a top side 506, a bottom side 508, a right side 510, and a left side512. The sides 506, 508, 510, and 512 may form a cavity into which thePCB 402 may fit, thereby providing protection for the PCB 402 fromenvironmental conditions such as moisture.

The lens panel 500 may include a beveled or angled top side 506 and/orbottom side 508 as illustrated in FIG. 5B. The beveling/angling may aidin preventing moisture from reaching the PCB 402 under the lens panel500, as water will more readily flow from the area of the joint 320(FIG. 3C) due to the angled surface than if the top side 506 wasrelatively flat.

The lens panel 500 may include multiple optical elements 514. A singleoptical element 514 may be provided for each LED 416, a single opticalelement 514 may be provided for multiple LEDs 416, and/or multipleoptical elements 514 may be provided for a single LED 416. In someembodiments, the optical elements 514 may be provided by a singlemulti-layer optical element system provided by the lens panel 500.

In the present example, the optical elements 514 are configured so thatthe light emitted from each LED 416 is projected onto the entire surface102 of the billboard 100. In other words, if all other LEDs 416 wereswitched off except for a single LED 416, the entire surface 102 wouldbe illuminated at the level of illumination provided by the single LED416. In one embodiment, the rectangular target area of the surface 102would be evenly illuminated by the LED 416, while areas beyond the edges112, 114, 116, and 118 would receive no illumination at all or at leasta minimal amount of illumination from the LED 416. What is meant by“evenly” is that the illumination with a uniformity that achieves a 3:1ratio of the average illumination to the minimum. Thus, by designing thelens in such a manner, when all LEDs are operating, the light form thecollective thereof will illuminate the surface at the 3:1 ratio. Whenone or more LEDs fail, the overall illumination decreases, but theuniformity maintains the same uniformity. Also, as describedhereinabove, the “surface” refers to the surface that is associated witha particular LED panel. It may be that an overall illuminated surface issegmented and multiple panels are provided, each associated with aparticular segment.

FIG. 5C illustrates a detail of the lens assembly. Each of the diodes416 is mounted on the board 408 at a minimum distance. Overlying theboard and LEDs 416 is transparent lens substrate 520. This substrate 520has a plurality of lens structures 522, each associated with one of theLEDs 416, such that each of the LEDs 416 has the light emitted therefromdirected outward towards the surface, each lens structure beingsubstantially the same. The minimum distance is designed such thatoverlapping light from adjacent LEDs does not create interferencepatterns and result in dead spots on the surface. The lens structure 522is designed to create the 3:1 uniformity and also, the lens structure isdesigned to “direct” the light from an edge of the surface to cover theentire surface. This is shown by the angle of the light rays in FIG. 5C.Also, the beveled edge 530 will basically surround the PCB 402, thusprotecting it from moisture. The lens substrate 520 is secured withscrews (not shown).

FIG. 5D illustrates a detail of the lens structure 522. This structureincludes an interior surface 524 and an exterior surface 526 that shapesand directs the light in the correct pattern. This is an acrylicmaterial. With such a design, the lighting assembly can be disposed atan edge of the surface to illuminate the entire surface.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, two lighting assemblies 110 maybe used. Each lighting assembly may be powered by a separate powersupply (not shown), and may be configured to illuminate the entiresurface 102. In such an embodiment, if one power supply fails, theremaining lighting assembly 110 will still illuminate the entire surface102, although at a lesser intensity than when both lighting assemblies110 are functioning. This provides evenly distributed illumination whenboth lighting assemblies 110 are functioning correctly, and continues toprovide evenly distributed illumination when one lighting assembly 110malfunctions. Accordingly, the entire surface 102 of the billboard 100may be illuminated even when an entire lighting assembly 110 hasmalfunctioned and is providing no illumination at all due to theredundancy provided by configuration of the lighting assemblies 110.

Furthermore, in some embodiments as described above, each LED 416 of asingle lighting assembly 110 may be configured via the optical elements514 to illuminate the entire surface 102. In such embodiments, if one ormore LEDs 416 or strings of LEDs fails, the remaining LEDs 416 willstill illuminate the entire surface 102, although at a lesser intensitythan when the failed LEDs 416 are functioning. This provides evenlydistributed illumination when all LEDs 416 are functioning correctly,and continues to provide evenly distributed illumination when one ormore LEDs are malfunctioning. Accordingly, the billboard 100 may beilluminated even when multiple LEDs 416 have malfunctioned and areproviding no illumination at all due to the redundancy provided byconfiguration of the lighting assemblies 110.

It is understood that some embodiments may direct substantially allillumination from a lighting assembly 110 evenly across the surface 102while some illumination is not evenly distributed. For example,substantially all LEDs 416 may be directed to each evenly illuminate thesurface 102 with the exception of a relatively small number of LEDs 416.In such cases, the illumination provided by the remaining LED or LEDs416 may be directed to one or more portions of the surface 102. If doneproperly, this may be accomplished while minimizing any noticeableunevenness in the overall illumination, even if one of the remainingLEDs 416 malfunctions. For example, the lighting assembly 110 may beconfigured to direct the illumination provided by one LED 416 to onlythe left half of the surface 102, while directing the illumination fromanother LED 416 to only the right half of the surface 102. The loss ofone of these two LEDs may not noticeably impact the illumination of thesurface 102. It is understood that such variations are within the scopeof this disclosure.

In embodiments where the illumination is evenly distributed across thesurface 102, it is understood that the optics panel 206 may beconfigured specifically for the light panel 204 and the surface 102. Forexample, assuming the surface 102 is forty-eight feet wide and sixteenfeet high, the lens panel 500 of FIG. 5 may be specifically designed foruse with the PCB 402 of FIG. 4. This design may be based on theparticular layout of the PCB 402 (e.g., the number and arrangement ofthe LEDs 416), the amount of illumination provided by the LEDs 416, thesize of the surface 102, the distance between the lens panel 500 and thesurface 102, the angle at which the lens panel 500 is mounted relativeto the surface 102 (e.g., FIGS. 1B-1D), and/or other factors.Accordingly, changes in any of these factors may entail a change in thedesign of the lens panel 500 in order to again evenly distribute theillumination provided by each LED 416 across the entire surface 102. Itis understood that various standard configurations of the lightingassembly 110 may be developed for various billboard and/or otherexternally illuminated signs so that a particular configuration may beprovided based on the parameters associated with a particular billboardand/or externally illuminated sign.

Referring to FIGS. 6A-6C, one embodiment of a lighting assembly 600 isillustrated that provides a more detailed embodiment of the lightingassembly 200 of FIG. 2. The lighting assembly 600 includes a back panel602, a light panel formed by multiple LED assemblies (denoted byreference number 800 in FIG. 8A), and an optics panel formed by multiplelens panels 604. Accordingly, as described previously, the light panel204 in the current example is represented by multiple LED assemblies 800and the optics panel 206 is represented by multiple lens panels 604. Inthe present embodiment, the lighting assembly 600 includes four LEDassemblies 800 and four lens panels 604.

Although various attachment mechanisms (e.g., threaded screws, bolts,and/or other fasteners) may be used to coupled the lens panels and LEDassemblies to the back panel 602, the present embodiment uses multiplethreaded fasteners 605 (e.g., screws) that extend through the lenspanels and the LED assemblies and engage threaded holes in the backpanel 602.

The lighting assembly 600 is also illustrated with a mounting plate 606that couples to the back panel 602 and to an adjustable mounting bracket608. The adjustable mounting bracket 608 may be used to couple thelighting assembly 600 to a portion of the billboard 100 (FIG. 1) and/orto another support member. A power supply enclosure 610 may be coupledto the mounting plate 606 and configured contain a power supply (notshown) capable of supplying power to LEDs of the LED assemblies 800. Itis noted that separating the power supply from the back panel 602 mayaid in heat dissipation by the back panel 602 as it does not have todissipate heat from the power supply to the same extent as if the powersupply was mounted directly to the back panel 602.

The location of the power supply may also be beneficial as snow notmelted by the heat produced by the LED may be melted by heat produced bythe power supply. This may aid in reducing snow buildup on the LEDs.

With additional reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B, one embodiment of the backpanel of FIG. 602 is illustrated. A front surface 700 includes multipleprotrusions 702 that may be configured to protect the light panels (notshown) against moisture as previously described. The front surface 700may include additional protrusions 704.

A back surface 706 includes multiple fins 708 that form a heat sink toaid in the dissipation of heat from the back panel 602. In the presentexample, the fins 708 are substantially rectangular in shape. In thepresent example, the back panel 602 is extruded and the fins 708 runparallel to the top edge with a longitudinal axis of each fin 708 beingsubstantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the back panel 602.Forming the fins 708 in a vertical manner is possible, but may increasethe cost of the back panel 602 due to the extrusion process. As shown,the fins 708 may be substantially perpendicular to the back surface 706,and/or may be angled. In the present example, the fins 708 are angledsuch that near the top of the back panel 702, the fins 708 are angledtowards the top.

Because the fins 708 are parallel to the top edge, heat may be trappeddue to its inability to rise vertically. Accordingly, holes 710 may bepresent in some or all of the fins 708 (marked but not actually visiblein the side view of FIG. 7B) to provide paths for the heat to risevertically in spite of the orientation of the fins 708. The holes 710may create a chimney effect that increases air flow across the fins 708and aids in the cooling process. In some embodiments, some or all of thefins 708 may be angled such that heat is not trapped.

The back surface 706 may also include a groove 712 that is configured toreceive a tongue of the mounting plate 606 in a tongue-in-groove manner.

With additional reference to FIGS. 8A-8J, embodiments of a single LEDassembly 800 and a single lens panel 604 that may be used with thelighting assembly 600 are illustrated. As shown, the single LED assembly800 and the single optics panel 604 may be configured for use together.

Referring specifically to FIG. 8A, the LED assembly 800 includes asubstrate 802 (e.g., a PCB) onto which are mounted multiple LEDs 804. Inthe present example, the LED assembly 800 includes two strings of eightLEDs 804 each for a total of sixteen LEDs 804. It is understood thatthis is merely an example, and there may be more or fewer LEDs 804 onthe light panel 800, and the LEDs 804 may be arranged in many differentways on the substrate 802.

Referring also to FIGS. 8B-8J, the optics panel 604 may include opticalelements 806 arranged on an upper surface 808 of the optics panel 604.The optics panel 604 may further include sides 810, 812, 814, and 816that are configured to fit around the edge of the substrate 802 of thelight panel 800. The bottom edge of each side 810, 812, 814, and 816abuts the front surface 700 of the back panel 602 and may be sealed tothe front surface 700 using a moisture resistant sealant.

As shown in FIGS. 8D-8H, a single optical element 806 may includemultiple lens elements designed to distribute the illumination providedby a single LED 804 across a surface such as the surface 102 of FIG. 1.A first lens element 820 may be positioned proximate to the LED 804, andadditional lens elements 822, 824, and 826 may be positioned above thelens element 820. Multiple optical elements 806 may be combined andformed as a single optics panel 604 that is configured to operate withthe LED assembly 800.

Referring to FIG. 9, another embodiment of a lighting assembly 900 isillustrated that provides a more detailed embodiment of the lightingassembly 200 of FIG. 2. The lighting assembly 900 is similar to thelighting assembly 600 of FIG. 6, but includes six LED assemblies ratherthan the four six LED assemblies of the lighting assembly 600. It isunderstood that the lighting assembly 900 may require a larger powersupply than the lighting assembly 600 (e.g., a one hundred and fiftywatt power supply instead of a one hundred and twenty watt powersupply).

Although the preferred embodiment has been described in detail, itshould be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterationscan be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A billboard comprising: a support structure; adisplay surface mounted on the support structure, the display surfacehaving a width of forty-eight feet along an upper edge and a lower edgeof the display surface and a height of fourteen feet along a left sideedge and a right side edge of the display surface, the display surfacecomprising a first portion extending from the lower edge to the upperedge near the left side edge and a second portion extending from thelower edge to the upper edge near the right side edge, the first andsecond portions together extending from the left side edge to the rightside edge; a walkway attached to the support structure adjacent thelower edge of the display surface, wherein an uppermost surface of thewalkway is vertically spaced at a distance lower than a lowermostportion of the display surface; a first lighting assembly that includesa plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and a plurality of opticalelements, wherein each optical element is disposed over only oneassociated LED, the optical elements each including a first portion, asecond portion and a third portion arranged to direct light toward thedisplay surface so that each LED of the first lighting assembly canilluminate the first portion of the display surface, wherein all of theLEDs of the first lighting assembly are mounted in a single assemblyattached to the walkway, the first lighting assembly including a firstheat sink; and a second lighting assembly that includes a plurality ofLEDs and a plurality of optical elements, wherein each optical elementis disposed over only one associated LED, the optical elements eachincluding a first portion, a second portion and a third portion arrangedto direct light toward the display surface so that each LED of thesecond lighting assembly can illuminate the second portion of thedisplay surface, the first portion and the second portion comprising allof the display surface, wherein all of the LEDs of the second lightingassembly are mounted in a single assembly attached to the walkway, thesecond lighting assembly including a second heat sink, wherein all ofthe display surface can be illuminated using only the first lightingassembly and the second lighting assembly.
 2. The billboard of claim 1,wherein all of the display surface can be illuminated using only thefirst lighting assembly and the second lighting assembly such that anintensity of light directed across all of the display surface isprovided with a uniformity that achieves a 3:1 ratio of averageillumination to minimum illumination.
 3. The billboard of claim 2,wherein the first lighting assembly comprises an optics panel thatcomprises the plurality of LEDs and the plurality of optical elements,wherein the first lighting assembly is configured to direct light fromeach LED toward the display surface with a uniformity that achieves, foreach LED, a 3:1 ratio of the average illumination from that LED acrossthe first portion of the display surface to the minimum illuminationfrom that LED at any point on the first portion of the display surface.4. The billboard of claim 3, wherein the second lighting assemblycomprises an optics panel that comprises the plurality of LEDs and theplurality of optical elements, wherein the second lighting assembly isconfigured to direct light from each LED toward the display surface witha uniformity that achieves, for each LED, a 3:1 ratio of the averageillumination from that LED across the second portion of the displaysurface to the minimum illumination from that LED at any point on thesecond portion of the display surface.
 5. The billboard of claim 1,wherein each of the plurality of optical elements of the first and thesecond lighting assemblies comprises a circular element.
 6. Thebillboard of claim 1, wherein the optical elements of the first lightingassembly are arranged in two rows on a circuit board, each rowcomprising ones of the LEDS of the plurality of LEDs, and wherein theoptical elements of the second lighting assembly are arranged in tworows on a second circuit board, each row comprising ones of the LEDS ofthe of the plurality of LEDs.
 7. The billboard of claim 1, wherein eachof the plurality of optical elements comprises a dome-shaped protrusion,one of the plurality of LEDs disposed within each protrusion.
 8. Thebillboard of claim 1, wherein each optical element of the plurality ofoptical elements of the first and the second lighting assembliescomprises a first side, a second side opposite the first side, and athird side perpendicular to the first side and the second side; whereinthe first portion comprises a first element comprising a firstconvex-shaped surface disposed at the first side; wherein the secondportion comprises a second element comprising a second convex-shapedsurface disposed at the second side, wherein the second convex-shapedsurface intersects with the first convex-shaped surface at an acuteangle in a region between the first element and the second element,wherein light from an associated LED exits the optical element throughthe first and the second convex-shaped surfaces; and wherein the thirdportion comprises a third element disposed at the third side, whereinthe third element extends beyond the first element and the secondelement in a direction away from the associated LED.
 9. The billboard ofclaim 1, wherein each optical element of the plurality of opticalelements of the first and the second lighting assemblies comprises afirst side, a second side opposite the first side, and a third sideperpendicular to the first side and the second side; wherein the firstportion comprises a first element disposed at the first side; whereinthe second portion comprises a second element disposed at the secondside; wherein the third portion comprises a third element disposed atthe third side; wherein the third element extends beyond the firstelement and the second element in a direction away from an associatedLED; wherein the first element includes a first outer surface and afirst inner surface facing the associated LED and the second elementincludes a second outer surface and a second inner surface facing theassociated LED; wherein the first inner surface is located at a firstnearest distance from the associated LED and the second inner surface islocated at a second nearest distance from the associated LED; andwherein the first inner surface and the second inner surface connect ata connection region that is at a third nearest distance from theassociated LED, wherein the third nearest distance is shorter thaneither the first nearest distance or the second nearest distance.
 10. Abillboard comprising: a support structure; a display surface mounted onthe support structure, the display surface having a width of forty-eightfeet along an upper edge and a lower edge of the display surface and aheight of fourteen feet along a left side edge and a right side edge ofthe display surface, the display surface comprising a first areaextending from the lower edge to the upper edge near the left side edgeand a second area extending from the lower edge to the upper edge nearthe right side edge, the first and second areas together extending fromthe left side edge to the right side edge; and a first lighting assemblydirected toward the display surface, wherein the first lighting assemblycomprises: a first carrier, a first lighting unit secured to the firstcarrier, the first lighting unit comprising a planar circuit board, aplurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) attached to the circuit board,and a plurality of optical elements, wherein each optical element isdisposed over only one associated LED, wherein the first lighting unitis configured to direct light toward the display surface such that thelight from each LED of the first lighting unit is directed across thefirst area of the display surface; a second lighting unit secured to thefirst carrier, the second lighting unit comprising a planar circuitboard, a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) attached to thecircuit board, and a plurality of optical elements, wherein each opticalelement is disposed over only one associated LED, wherein the secondlighting unit is configured to direct light toward the display surfacesuch that the light from each LED of the second lighting unit isdirected across the first area of the display surface; and a thirdlighting unit secured to the first carrier, the third lighting unitcomprising a planar circuit board, a plurality of light emitting diodes(LEDs) attached to the circuit board, and a plurality of opticalelements, wherein each optical element is disposed over only oneassociated LED, wherein the third lighting unit is configured to directlight toward the display surface such that the light from each LED ofthe third lighting unit is directed across the first area of the displaysurface; and a second lighting assembly directed toward the displaysurface, wherein the second lighting assembly comprises: a secondcarrier, a fourth lighting unit secured to the second carrier, thefourth lighting unit comprising a planar circuit board, a plurality oflight emitting diodes (LEDs) attached to the circuit board, and aplurality of optical elements, wherein each optical element is disposedover only one associated LED, wherein the fourth lighting unit isconfigured to direct light toward the display surface such that thelight from each LED of the fourth lighting unit is directed across thesecond area of the display surface; a fifth lighting unit secured to thesecond carrier, the fifth lighting unit comprising a planar circuitboard, a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) attached to thecircuit board, and a plurality of optical elements, wherein each opticalelement is disposed over only one associated LED, wherein the fifthlighting unit is configured to direct light toward the display surfacesuch that the light from each LED of the fifth lighting unit is directedacross the second area of the display surface; and a sixth lighting unitsecured to the second carrier, the sixth lighting unit comprising aplanar circuit board, a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs)attached to the circuit board, and a plurality of optical elements,wherein each optical element is disposed over only one associated LED,wherein the sixth lighting unit is configured to direct light toward thedisplay surface such that the light from each LED of the sixth lightingunit is directed across the second area of the display surface.
 11. Thebillboard of claim 10, wherein the first carrier is formed from athermally conductive material, wherein a plurality of fins extend awayfrom the first, second and third lighting units.
 12. The billboard ofclaim 10, wherein the first lighting assembly further comprises: aseventh lighting unit secured to the first carrier, the third lightingunit comprising an LED element and an optical element overlying the LEDelement, wherein the seventh lighting unit is configured to direct lighttoward the display surface such that the light from the seventh lightingunit is directed across the first area; an eighth lighting unit securedto the first carrier, the eighth lighting unit comprising an LED elementand an optical element overlying the LED element, wherein the eighthlighting unit is configured to direct light toward the display surfacesuch that the light from the eighth lighting unit is directed across thefirst area; and a ninth lighting unit secured to the first carrier, theninth lighting unit comprising an LED element and an optical elementoverlying the LED element, wherein the ninth lighting unit is configuredto direct light toward the display surface such that the light from theninth lighting unit is directed across the first area with a uniformitythat achieves a 3:1 ratio of an average illumination of the light fromthe ninth lighting unit across the entire area to a minimum illuminationof the light from the ninth lighting unit at any point on the firstarea.
 13. The billboard of claim 10, wherein the first lighting assemblyis configured to uniformly illuminate the first area of the displaysurface, and wherein the second lighting assembly is configured touniformly illuminate the second area of the display surface.
 14. Thebillboard of claim 10, wherein all of the display surface can beilluminated using only the first lighting assembly and the secondlighting assembly such that an intensity of the light directed acrossall of the display surface is provided with a uniformity that achieves a3:1 ratio of average illumination to minimum illumination.
 15. Thebillboard of claim 14, wherein each optical element of the plurality ofoptical elements of the first lighting assembly is configured to directlight from the associated LED toward the display surface, such that thelight from each LED is directed across the first area of the displaysurface so that, for each LED, a ratio of an average illumination fromthat LED across the first area of the display surface to a minimumillumination from that LED at any point on the first area of the displaysurface is 3:1; and wherein each optical element of the plurality ofoptical elements of the second light assembly is configured to directlight from the associated LED toward the display surface, such that thelight from each LED is directed across the second area of the displaysurface so that, for each LED, a ratio of an average illumination fromthat LED across the second area of the display surface to a minimumillumination from that LED at any point on the second area of thedisplay surface is 3:1.
 16. The billboard of claim 10, wherein eachoptical element of the plurality of optical elements of the first andthe second lighting assemblies comprises: a first side, a second sideopposite the first side, and a third side perpendicular to the firstside and the second side; a first element comprising a firstconvex-shaped surface disposed at the first side; a second elementcomprising a second convex-shaped surface disposed at the second side,wherein the second convex-shaped surface intersects with the firstconvex-shaped surface at an acute angle in a region between the firstelement and the second element, wherein the light from the associatedLED exits the optical element through the first and the secondconvex-shaped surfaces; and a third element disposed at the third side,wherein the third element extends beyond the first element and thesecond element in a direction away from the associated LED.
 17. Thebillboard of claim 10, wherein each optical element of the plurality ofoptical elements of the first and the second lighting assembliescomprises: a first side, a second side opposite the first side, and athird side perpendicular to the first side and the second side; a firstelement disposed at the first side; a second element disposed at thesecond side; a third element disposed at the third side; wherein thethird element extends beyond the first element and the second element ina direction away from the associated LED; wherein the first elementincludes a first outer surface and a first inner surface facing theassociated LED and the second element includes a second outer surfaceand a second inner surface facing the associated LED; wherein the firstinner surface is located at a first nearest distance from the associatedLED and the second inner surface is located at a second nearest distancefrom the associated LED; and wherein the first inner surface and thesecond inner surface connect at a connection region that is at a thirdnearest distance from the associated LED, wherein the third nearestdistance is shorter than either the first nearest distance or the secondnearest distance.
 18. A billboard comprising: a support structure; adisplay surface mounted on the support structure, the display surfacehaving a width of forty-eight feet; a first lighting assembly includinga plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in a first row anda second row, the first lighting assembly also including a plurality ofoptical elements arranged in the first row and the second row over theplurality of LEDs such that each optical element overlies only oneassociated LED; and a second lighting assembly including a plurality ofLEDs arranged in a first row and a second row, the second lightingassembly also including a plurality of optical elements arranged in thefirst row and the second row over the plurality of LEDs such that eachoptical element overlies only one associated LED; wherein the firstlighting assembly is mounted at a first location, and wherein the secondlighting assembly is mounted at a second location, wherein the firstlocation is laterally spaced from the second location along the width ofthe display surface; and wherein each of the first and second lightingassemblies are configured to illuminate the entire display surface ofthe billboard without any additional lighting so that the entire displaysurface can be illuminated using only the first lighting assembly or thesecond lighting assembly.
 19. The billboard of claim 18, wherein thefirst and second lighting assemblies are configured to uniformlyilluminate the entire display surface such that a light intensity acrossthe display surface is provided at a uniformity ratio of averageillumination to minimum illumination, the uniformity ratio being at most3:1.
 20. The billboard of claim 18, wherein each of the plurality ofoptical elements of the first and the second lighting assembliescomprises a circular element.
 21. The billboard of claim 18, wherein theoptical elements of the first and the second lighting assemblies arearranged so that areas beyond edges of the display surface receiveminimum illumination.
 22. The billboard of claim 18, wherein theplurality of optical elements and the associated LEDs of the first andthe second lighting assemblies are spaced to avoid hot spots on thedisplay surface.
 23. The billboard of claim 18, wherein each opticalelement of the plurality of optical elements of the first and the secondlighting assemblies comprises: a first side, a second side opposite thefirst side, and a third side perpendicular to the first side and thesecond side; a first element comprising a first convex-shaped surfacedisposed at the first side; a second element comprising a secondconvex-shaped surface disposed at the second side, wherein the secondconvex-shaped surface intersects with the first convex-shaped surface atan acute angle in a region between the first element and the secondelement, wherein the light from the associated LED exits the opticalelement through the first and the second convex-shaped surfaces; and athird element disposed at the third side, wherein the third elementextends beyond the first element and the second element in a directionaway from the associated LED.
 24. The billboard of claim 18, whereineach optical element of the plurality of optical elements of the firstand the second lighting assemblies comprises: a first side, a secondside opposite the first side, and a third side perpendicular to thefirst side and the second side; a first element disposed at the firstside; a second element disposed at the second side; a third elementdisposed at the third side; wherein the third element extends beyond thefirst element and the second element in a direction away from theassociated LED; wherein the first element includes a first outer surfaceand a first inner surface facing the associated LED and the secondelement includes a second outer surface and a second inner surfacefacing the associated LED; wherein the first inner surface is located ata first nearest distance from the associated LED and the second innersurface is located at a second nearest distance from the associated LED;and wherein the first inner surface and the second inner surface connectat a connection region that is at a third nearest distance from theassociated LED, wherein the third nearest distance is shorter thaneither the first nearest distance or the second nearest distance.